pacificocean.ai

#Pacific Ocean AI Meta

#Pacific Ocean | The largest and deepest of Earth five oceanic divisions | Extends from Arctic Ocean in north to Southern Ocean | Bounded by Asia and Australia and Americas | Surface area 165,250,000 km2 | Average depth 4,280 m (14,040 ft) | Max. depth 10,911 m (35,797 ft) | Water volume c. 710,000,000 km3 (170,000,000 cu mi)

#Rains washing contaminants into Pacific Ocean

#SoCal wildfires | Palisades wildfires | Palisades fires | Coastal urban fires

#Damage due wildfires | Stuctures destroyed | Homes destroyed | Businesses destroyed | Cars abonded

#Toxic remnants to rest in Pacific Ocean | Electronics remnants | Electronic vehicles remnants | Solar panel remnants | Battery remnants | Smart phone remnants

#Noxious clouds

#Coastal survey

#Marine ecosystem monitoring

#Life underwater

#Species relying on for food and sustenance | Seabirds | Marine mammals | Plant | Plankton | Fish eggs

#Ash from SoCal wildfires and urban fires

#Fire debris from SoCal wildfires

#Perturbation to ocean ecosystem

#Ocean water contamination

#Limiting fire pollution going into Pacific Ocean

#Concrete-lined rivers bring toxic trash to Pacific Ocean

#Marine food web | Phytoplankton

#Ash from urban fires | Asbestos | Lead | Microplastics | Heavy metals

#Ocean acidification

#Food web in oceans

#Coral reef survival

#Carbon dioxide absorbed

#Chemistry of ocean

#Boulder corals colonized sea floor

#Fragile branching corals disappearing

#Carbonic acid

#Species with calcareous shell or skeleton

#Availability of calcium carbonate decreasing

#Organisms sheltering in corals reefs threatened

#Shelled animals (mussels, clams, urchins,starfish) have trouble building their shells

#Ocean Acidification

#Calcium carbonate minerals: building blocks for skeletons and shells of many marine organisms

#pH scale

#Calcifying species: oysters, clams, sea urchins, shallow water corals, deep sea corals, calcareous plankton

#Pteropod (sea butterfly)

#Coral biologist

#Decreased pH

#Reduced carbonate saturation on marine systems

#Marine biota

#Marine calcifiers

#Shell mineralogy

#Great Pacific Garbage Patch

#Ocean cleanup system

#Dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM)-based mobile fronthaul service leveraging fiber all the way to the tower for mobile operators

#Ultra-low-latency fronthaul solution

#Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) transport

#High bandwidth up to 12G Option 10 CPRI services

#Delay compensation enabling protected fronthaul services with constant network latency

#Private subsea optical fiber cable network operator

#Submarine cable system

#High bandwidth super-channels | Up to 12T of non-blocking packet-enabled OTN bandwidth with terabit super-channels

#Photonic integrated circuit (PIC)

#500G of transmission bandwidth from a single line-card

#Instant Bandwidth

#Time-based Instant Bandwidth | Enabling software activation of pre-deployed optical network bandwidth for a defined duration, with pay-as-you-grow on-demand increments of 100G

#Deep-sea fiber failure

#AIS receiver

#Food chain

#Pacific Ocean Gyres

#California Current

#Ash

#Debris

#Ashes raining down

#Long-term impact on ocean and marine life

#Debris spread across a large area

#Burned electronics

#Ash harmful to marine environments

#Ash particles sink very rapidly

#Fish embryos susceptible being exposed to whatever is in ash

#Ash particles move their way up food chain

#Sophisticated equipment on board needed to capture samples

#California territorial waters in Pacific Ocean | Extend seaward from coastline to outer limit of state jurisdiction, typically 3 nautical miles (5.6 kilometers) offshore | Beyond this, federal jurisdiction governs up to 12 nautical miles (22.2 kilometers) as part of U.S. territorial waters

#Law of the Sea Convention (LOSC) | Frramework that allows economic activities while promoting responsible ocean governance

#Coastal countriy and state obligations | Take measures to prevent, reduce, and control marine pollution from all sources | Duty of care for marine ecosystems | Regulate economic activities within their Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) | Protect marine resources within their 200 nautical mile maritime zone | Must balance their economic interests with environmental preservation

#Maritime research near California coastline | State Jurisdiction | Under Submerged Lands Act, California controls submerged lands and resources up to three nautical miles from its coastline.whuch includes regulating fisheries, energy resources, and coastal research activities | Federal Jurisdiction | Beyond three nautical miles lies Outer Continental Shelf (OCS), managed federally under Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act, Federal waters also include marine sanctuaries, which are protected for research, conservation, and education

#Wildfires scorched SoCAL coastal communities near LA have sent ash, heavy metals and hazardous debris into the Pacific Ocean

#Toxic ash and chemical residues from burned homes, vehicles and infrastructure polluted Pacific Ocean

#Waves during high tide lapped onto seaside charred homes, pulling debris and toxic ash into Pacific Ocean as waves receded

#Ash and debris discovered in Pacific Ocean 25 miles south of Pacific Palisades burn area

#Ash and debris from SoCAL fires detected up to 100 miles offshore, carried by strong winds

#Toxic ash ftom SoCAL wildfires polluting Pacific Ocean consists of pesticides, asbestos, plastics, lead, heavy metals

#Debris from SoCAL urban fires polluting Pacific Ocean and affecting marine ecosystems contain Heavy Metals: Lead, Arsenic, Mercury from burnt structures and vehicles

#Debris from SoCAL urban fires polluting Pacific Ocean and affecting marine ecosystems contain Asbestos: from buildings and construction materials

#Debris from SoCAL urban fires polluting Pacific Ocean and affecting marine ecosystems contain Plastics burned microplastics, harmful chemicals

#Debris from SoCAL urban fires polluting Pacific Ocean and affecting marine ecosystems contain Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs): formed during combustion of organic materials

#Debris from SoCAL urban fires polluting Pacific Ocean and affecting marine ecosystems containPolychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs): from burnt electrical equipment and old building materials

#Pacific Ocean polluted from SoCAL fires Contaminants polluting Pacific Ocean posing significant risks to marine life and to human health through food chain

Seawater layers | Seawater arranges itself into layers determined by water temperature and density | Warmer water floats on top of and is lighter than cooler water, which is denser. In most places, heat from the surface moves very slowly through these layers down into the deep ocean | Extremely windy areas of ocean can agitate the layers enough to result in vertical mixing

#Agentic AI | Artificial intelligence systems with a degree of autonomy, enabling them to make decisions, take actions, and learn from experiences to achieve specific goals, often with minimal human intervention | Agentic AI systems are designed to operate independently, unlike traditional AI models that rely on predefined instructions or prompts | Reinforcement learning (RL) | Deep neural network (DNN) | Multi-agent system (MAS) | Goal-setting algorithm | Adaptive learning algorithm | Agentic agents focus on autonomy and real-time decision-making in complex scenarios | Ability to determine intent and outcome of processes | Planning and adapting to changes | Ability to self-refine and update instructions without outside intervention | Full autonomy requires creativity and ability to anticipate changing needs before they occur proactively | Agentic AI benefits Industry 4.0 facilities monitoring machinery in real time, predicting failures, scheduling maintenance, reducing downtime, and optimizing asset availability, enabling continuous process optimization, minimizing waste, and enhancing operational efficiency

#Highly integral situational awareness platforms

#Autonomous ships

#Global ocean warming

#Rising ocean heat content | Profound impacts on almost every aspect of the ocean, from physical processes, to biogeochemical balances, to marine biodiversity and ecosystems

#Earth energy imbalance | Grew by 0.29 watts per square metre per decade between 1993-2022 | Earth is out of energy balance | Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are trapping excess heat and preventing it from being released into space | Heat building-up of heat in the Earth climate system | Most of building-up is absorbed by ocean

#Ocean surface heat | Satellite measurements of gravity and surface height | Space geodesy | Accurate, long term and broad estimates of changes in amount of heat stored in ocean

#Deep-sea mining | Lockheed Martin (NYSE:LMT) in early talks with undersea mining companies to open access to two dormant seabed exploration licenses | Renewed US push to tap ocean floor for critical minerals | Licenses, cover swaths of eastern Pacific seabed in international waters | Nations and corporations seek alternative sources of key minerals used in electric vehicles, defense technologies, and clean energy systems | Polymetallic nodules can hold commercially viable concentrations of key metals | US President signed executive order in asserting US rights to issue mining licenses in international waters and encouraging stockpiling of seabed metals as strategic resources | ISA is holding key assembling mining code to regulate commercial activity on ocean floor with provisions for environmental safeguards, royalties, and tax obligations

#Polymetallic nodules | Also called manganese nodules | Contain four essential base metals: cobalt, nickel, copper and manganese, in a single ore | Formed over millions of years by precipitating metals from seawater and sediment pore water | Lie unattached to abyssal seafloor | Do not contain toxic levels of heavy elements | Potential to productize nearly 100% of nodule mass | Designing metallurgical flowsheet that generates no tailings and leaves nearly no solid waste streams behind | International Seabed Authority (ISA) set up U.N. in 1994 | Nauru Ocean Resources Inc. (NORI) ISA license in 2011 | Metals Company holds rights to exploration contracts granted by ISA through NORI, sponsored by Republic of Nauru; and TOML, sponsored by Kingdom of Tonga | Surveying with underwater drones and taking box core samples | Using nodules to create EV batteries expected to generate, on average, 90% less CO2 equivalent emissions than using ores from land-based mines | Lifting polymetallic nodules to surface and taking to shore, and processing with near-zero solid waste, no tailings or deforestation, and with careful attention not to harm integrity of deep-ocean ecosystem | Adaptive management system, a mix of marine hardware and cloud-based artificial intelligence designed to create a virtual replica of deep-sea environment

#Critical minerals in Artificial Intelligence | At the core of AI transformation lies a complex ecosystem of critical minerals, each playing a distinct role | Boron: used to alter electrical properties of silicon | Silicon: fundamental material used in most semiconductors and integrated circuits | Phosphorus: helps establish the alternating p-n junctions necessary for creating transistors and integrated circuits | Cobalt: used in metallisation processes of semiconductor manufacturing | Copper: primary conductor in integrated circuits | Gallium: used in compound semiconductors such as gallium arsenide (GaAs) and gallium nitride (GaN) | Germanium: used in high-speed integrated circuits and fibre-optic technologies | Arsenic: employed as a dopant in silicon-based semiconductors | Indium phosphide: widely used in optical communications | Palladium: used in production of multi-layer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) | Silver: the most conductive metal used in specialised integrated circuits and circuit boards | Tungsten: serves as a key material in transistors and as a contact metal in chip interconnects | Gold: used in bonding wires, connectors, and contact pads in chip packaging | Europium: enables improved performance in lasers, LEDs, and high-frequency electronics essential to AI systems and optical networks | Yttrium: improves the efficiency and stability of materials like GaN and InP, supporting advanced applications in photonics, high-speed computing, and communications technologies